Animal Imagery in King Lear Essay

Creature Imagery in King Lear A typical misguided judgment during the Elizabethan Era is that people are better than creatures. Fudge shows this by expressing: â€Å"where there is a dread of the breakdown of contrast, there is likewise a dire need to repeat human superiority† (Fudge 2). All through King Lear, Shakespeare challenges this limit has been urgently implemented by people for such huge numbers of years. The severe qualification among people and creatures is trivialized as Shakespeare constantly insinuates the connections between his characters, creatures, and different species. With this being stated, the crowd can perceive how the play King Lear, uncovered various Shakespeare’s fascinating scholarly decisions. One that is utilized much of the time inside the play is creature symbolism, where the attributes of explicit people identify with the characteristics related with a specific creature. Using a mythical beast, snake, and fowl, Shakespeare uses creature symbolism to relate basic understandings and portrayals of creatures to feature both the characters’ genuine characteristics and their significance through a women's activist focal point. The juxtaposition of human and creature in King Lear is compelling in setting up the possibility that people and creatures are not as different the same number of accept, and in actuality have a considerable lot of the equivalent basic characteristics. The picture of a mythical beast is utilized by Shakespeare to depict King Lear’s feelings. In spite of the fact that mythical beasts are customarily legendary animals, their possessive characteristics and touchy character are qualities that people additionally have. For instance, Lear alludes to himself as a mythical serpent when he states, â€Å"come not between the monster and his wrath† (1. . 126). Now in the play, it is apparent that Lear has characteristics of a mythical beast as he is handily angered, and sees himself as an extremely amazing and notable individual. He gets incensed at the way that his valued belonging or fortune, Cordelia, is being placed in risk by her reaction. Lear and a winged serpent both show how the idea of progress can cause one to turn out to be truly defenseless. In spite of the fact that Lear’s unbendable character makes him oust Cordelia, the idea of losing his preferred little girl will get everlasting in his psyche. Both a winged serpent and Lear have gotten so acquainted with their jobs of securing, that change may make them lash out. Moreover, Lear shows how he feels better than everybody underneath him in the chain of importance. His activities uncover that he considers himself to be distant and is happy to present dangers to anybody he may feel awkward or threatened by. Despite the fact that Kent is offering Lear inestimable guidance, Lear’s current condition of defenselessness makes him usher dangers and settle on moronic choices. Lear’s remarks severely and his correlation with being a monster shows how guys have extreme authority over ladies, and can express their genuine thoughts without results. Furthermore, men can be recognized as the predominant sex since Lear parallel’s a dragon’s qualities of being an extremely incredible animal and pioneer. Despite the fact that Lear is eager to split his realm, he doesn't propose that he is happy to surrender any of his capacity. Lear despite everything needs to stay as a main figure and have full authority over everybody. There is no notice of a Queen being available, or the perceived leverage moving to any other individual other than Lear. In this manner it is clear that Shakespeare utilizes creature symbolism to show Lear’s searing character and male position. Customarily, snakes are viewed as ruthless creatures that are dreaded by nearly everybody. Being identified with a snake isn't typically a positive correlation, along these lines, one must submit an essentially shrewd activity to be called one. The main reference to a snake is when Lear is yelling about Goneril to Regan. He states, â€Å"[Goneril] hit me with her tounge/most serpant-like, upon the very heart† (2. 4. 169-170). In a customary battle, a snake is practically frail; be that as it may, it is realized that by being shrewd and misleading, snakes can be successful in fight. Goneril shows this by complimenting her father’s sense of self so as to acquire his wealth. When she takes her father’s riches, she arranges him to dispose of his knights, and at last shows him out, with no place to go. Goneril’s clever capacity permits her to annihilate her dad, while profiting herself. These detestable activities that she submits come as an astonishment to Lear since he is heedless to the way that he is being cheated and burglarized of his assets from the subsequent he offered the division of his realm. Much the same as a snake, the component of shock is used by Goneril to find her dad napping and in this way, decrease his capacity with no results. Moreover, this shows how ravenousness and riches can make people settle on imprudent choices, and thusly be contrasted with toxic mammoths. As the play reaches a conclusion, one can perceive how the statement turns out to be exceptionally amusing as Goneril chooses to harm her sister. Thusly in addition to the fact that she possesses a similar mindset as a snake, she additionally finishes her activities genuinely by the utilization of toxic substance. Through a women's activist focal point, one could state that men rush to censure ladies for their activities and errors. Lear is too bustling feeling frustrated about himself to understand that he was the reason for his own misery and annihilation. Be that as it may, rather than recognizing this reality, he quickly alludes to his little girl as a snake. The portrayal of ladies as snakes shows the irregularity of intensity in the public eye. With the end goal for ladies to settle on their own choices, they should be shrewd and close-lipped regarding them since they reserve no option to express their genuine thoughts before men. In this manner, rather than expressing their own assessment, they should consent to the necessities and needs of the men around them. Regardless of whether they have a magnificent thought, it will probably be restricted by men essentially on the grounds that ladies are seen as being less competent or trustworthy. With this being stated, Shakespeare utilizes the picture of snake to feature the numerous malevolent and manipulative characteristics that people have. Shakespeare uses the picture of a winged creature to reflect both positive and negative traits inside his characters. In contrast to most creatures, winged creatures can communicate both ruthless and tranquil impulses. Towards the finish of the play, the reference of a fledgling is found in a positive manner, as it speaks to the recharging of life and opportunity. This is available when Lear states, â€Å"we two alone will sing like winged creatures in a cage† (5. 3. 10). The statement stresses incongruity as both Lear and Cordelia are actually in jail like a winged animal in a confine. Regardless of the way that they are hostage, and going to lose their lives, their general joy is reestablished on the grounds that they are together indeed. After the peak of the play causes outrageous torment and anguish for the two characters, being along with the one whom they can trust and care for is the most ideal prize, paying little mind to the setting. Presently that Lear and Cordelia are liberated from the malicious sisters, they can live joyfully for the remainder of their lives. This thus makes them sing like winged animals, or at the end of the day, express their actual satisfaction. This is an extremely dubious second in the play, as it is the second when Lear at long last carries positive feelings to the disaster that has occurred. Since he is liberated from his egotism and fantasies, he can see the genuine affection of Cordelia. The utilization of a confined fowl depicts Cordelia’s character consummately. All through the play, she is relied upon to assume the conventional job of a lady, which is to look pretty and â€Å"sing† charmingly. This recommends ladies are required to act just in the manner that their male specialists want. Be that as it may, despite the fact that Cordelia has done nothing incorrectly and has kept on being a steadfast spouse and girl, she despite everything winds up dead because of her sisters activities. Much the same as a confined winged creature, ladies are compelled to live through the particulars of their proprietors. In this manner, despite the fact that they can be free, they are committed to tune in to whatever their proprietors need. Likewise, this shows how men see themselves as suppliers, and the benefit of this is they perceive that lion's share of ladies would not have the option to adapt without anyone else in a male ruled society. Despite what might be expected, Shakespeare utilizes the picture of a fledgling to show their increasingly ruthless and savage-like practices. These feathered creatures negate the conventional picture of a winged animal as they are exceptionally risky and forceful. All through the play there are different references to these winged creatures, for example, â€Å"the fence sparrow took care of the cuckoo so long,/that it’s had it head bit off by it young† (1. 4. 203-204). The numb-skull expresses this to Lear since he knows about the malevolent activities that both Goneril and Regan are submitting. The two little girls are raised by Lear along these lines they know every one of his shortcomings and can exploit them. Likewise, when they can understand that their dad is getting old and feeble, they accept this open door to free him of his capacity rapidly. The following instances of savage winged creatures in the play are by and by used to make reference to the two abhorrence little girls. Be that as it may, this time Lear calls Goneril a â€Å"detested kite† (1. 4. 254), and states that them two are â€Å"pelican daughters† (3. 4. 74). Lear currently understands that he has been misdirected by his little girls and that his capacity has been taken from him. These two references are additionally unexpected, as these two flying creatures are known to eat the substance of rotting carcasses. From various perspectives Lear speaks to a rotting carcass, as he is getting old and weak; hence he can be effortlessly exploited off. Along these lines, the picture of winged creatures all through the play is basic since it permits Shakespeare to depict the positive and negative qualities in his characters. Since forever, the divergence among creatures and people is muddled. Be that as it may, Shakespeare easily carries light to

Dreamer That Makes His Dreams Come True free essay sample

The visionary who makes his fantasies materializes Moss Kendrix was conceived in Atlanta, Georgia in 1917. He went to state funded school like each other African American youngster his age. He went to Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. While he went to Morehouse College he was the proofreader the Morehouse paper, The Maroon Tiger. He was a dedicated individual from the Alpha Phi Alpha clique, and fellow benefactor of the Phi Delta Journalism Society. He moved on from Morehouse College in 1939, and made the primary National Negro Newspaper Week. He applied and afterward was acknowledged into Howard University’s Law School. He wedded Dorothy Johnson, and had two kids with her. From 1941 to 1944 he served in the United States Army. During his time served in the military he worked in the Treasury Department in the War and Finance Office. It was then he got his first taste of working with Public Relations. He showed up on TV programs and chatted on radio syndicated programs attempting to advance the war. In 1944 he began his own advertising firm, The Moss Kendrix Organization; the company’s witticism was â€Å"What the Public Thinks Counts. He began his business dependent on the end that African Americans were an enormous piece of the customer advertise in the United States around then. Realizing this he contributed an enormous amount of time and exertion into the improvement of this exceptionally unacknowledged market. The Coca-Cola Company, Carnation, the National Dental Association, the National Educational Association were a portion of his numerous customers. Notwithstanding running his own Public Relations firm he was the host of a week by week radio program appear, â€Å"Profiles of Our Times. † During the mid 1900s African Americans made up a huge piece of customer showcase. Nehi’s grape and orange enhanced soft drink was famous. Coca-Cola was likewise another well known brand of drink, yet it wasn’t as famous in the African American culture as it ought to have. Kendrix saw this hole, and put his insight and aptitudes under a magnifying glass. In the mid 1950s he went to the Coca-Cola organization office, and offered his proposition on the most proficient method to all the more likely market Coca-Cola in African American Communities; Coca-Cola Company employed him that equivalent year as a retainer. He turned into the principal African American to get a significant participate account. He needed to utilize Jackie Robinson, a popular baseball player, and his Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps, a challenge â€Å"Who Are American’s Twelve Leading Negro Citizens†, and a Coca-Cola Scholarship Contest for High School Seniors to advance Coca-Cola items. He utilized publicizing, advertising, and deals advancement to get the word out about what he was attempting to do. He utilized the Negro press, papers, and magazines as the essential hotspot for data about his proposition. He arranged it with the goal that projects of advertising would run during the different periods of the proposition. The deals of the Coca-Cola would be the premise of cooperation of the Good Citizenship Corps. The strategies where the grant, and the Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps would go were under the course of the Coca-Cola Company. Kendrix had imagined that the entire proposition would be worked around Jackie Robinson. Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps qualified young men and young ladies to be separated of the corps under the conditions that they would present a motto. On the off chance that they presented the trademark they were compensated with a declaration, and a decent citizenship button. Huge numbers of the youngsters would outline their declarations, and guardians would get dazzled with the liberal exertion that Coca-Cola put into the adolescent. They began this Coca-Cola battle in the late spring with the goal that it may be increasingly viable. The following arrangement that Moss Kendrix had was The Coca-Cola Leading Negro Citizens’ Contest. The challenge went on for about a month and a half. The twelve driving Negros would be picked by method of articles composed by African American youngsters ages fourteen to eighteen years old. The twelve that were chosen were recognized in a full page that was completed by the Coca-Cola Company. The last piece of the proposition was â€Å"These Twelve† Scholarship Contest. This challenge was available to all secondary school seniors. So as to participate in the challenge they need to compose long papers. Four 41,000 grants were given on a local premise. This challenge allowed neighborhood bottle holders to be separated of this grant. Despite the fact that this arrangement that he had assembled was going to chiefly focus on the youthful Negro youth, it was going to arrive at different pieces of the African American populace. Kendrix had the chances to work with superstars while he chipped away at this Coca-Cola proposition. He worked with Coca-Cola until the mid 1970s. Kendrix could perform various tasks. While he was getting the Coca-Cola Proposal together he was making The National Association of Market Developers. The National Association of Market Developers or (NAMD) was made in 1953 at Tennessee State University. This gathering was made on the side of minorities in the Public Relations field. It was a fundamental instrument utilized during the 1950s to help dark showcasing authority manage dark purchaser advertise. Today the gathering is still in presence, and it is known as The National Alliance of Developers. The NAMD depends on a five Point Plan: fill in as a National African-American Consumer Resource, offer proficient help to the network, bolster understudies through instruction and direction programs, increment the National Alliance of Marketing Developers presentation through national open undertakings, create national contact with different associations. The National Alliance of Market Developers despite everything exists right up 'til the present time. There are parts in Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, Cleveland, New Orleans, Kansas City, Los Angeles, and Washington D. C; the most current section is in Florida.

Management Essays Leadership and Management

The executives Essays Leadership and Management Administration and Management Administration and the executives regularly stay befuddled as these two are generally taken in one substance. John kotter who has a place with Harvard Business School characterizes these two unconcerned substance, authority as a piece of the executives. As per him a solitary word the executives incorporate distinctive idea and initiative is one of its idea. Administration really implies capacity to impact different practices and acts so as to accomplish a specific objective. In global association, initiative technique is utilized by the administrators as they need to lead their sub-ordinates to accomplish that reason for which the association is made for. In any pioneer, certainty, inspiration, better correspondence framework, impacting others, dynamic and objective setting characters are fundamentals as these are the significant characters of any pioneer. The point that the paper will cover is the administration in McDonald inside US and China. The paper expects to see the distincti ons in authority procedure utilized by US and China while especially taking McDonald in thought. This distinction empowers us to know various methodologies these two nations have embraced. Also, the paper means to portray the distinctive initiative procedures utilized by these nations. Authority in McDonald by US The vote based system in US is more than in China, the explanation bargains that US have high political foundation and have high agent authority. The political arrangement of the US nation favors the popular government and the top administration don't love to include in the issues rather they use to assign the specialists to their sub-ordinates and a significant part of the authority is in the hand of center and lower level supervisors. In US the independence is favored than the gathering working. US McDonald as a rule look for the Variety decrease in authority, implies that they use to evacuate the vulnerability by concentrating on predetermined number of assets. This empowers the US chief to control the terrible showing of their subordinates. In addition, the McDonald in US likes to get experienced workers in their firm. The McDonald of US center mostly around circumstances and less on issues and that is the reason the McDonald received expansion in US. The US chief working in Chin a for McDonald are less ethnocentric rather the Chinese directors. The US administrator accepts on giving the position structure the top while giving the dynamic and critical thinking power to the center chief. The authoritative procedure in US McDonald is that primary authority is passed structure the top while lower level troughs that straightforwardly connect with the clients tackle the issues by them selves. They choose without anyone else that how they need to treat individuals and what will be their subsequent stage later on. Initiative in McDonald by China As indicated by Charles W.L. Slope, Gareth R, Jones (2003) majority rules system pattern in china is low and that is the explanation that pioneers in china generally deal with their workers. Truth be told, China accepts on high gathering direction, where the administration procedure works less rather group working is favored more. We can say that in China paternalistic methodology work more in which the representatives are considered as accomplices. Most importantly, the china however doesn't favor authority, yet don't permit the MNE’s of global firms to lead the china representatives in their showroom and firm. McDonald working in China can not receive administration system to lead the Chinese representatives in their nation and therefore discovered numerous issues. Chinese for the most part embrace the assortment speaker technique in which the vulnerability increments as the Chinese chief as a rule look for changed other options, assess them for their further future use. Chi nese pioneers are the difficult searcher; they accept that taking care of various issues inside the firm can diminish vulnerability and builds productivity while looking for the chances. They accept that taking care of the current issues while looking for the new open doors is increasingly significant fro the firm to work later on. The individual conduct in the McDonald working in China is distinctive structure that of USD. The independence isn't a conviction of china rather they accept on bunch elements. The hierarchical conduct in Chinese McDonald is essentially relying upon group working and on paternalistic in which a framework takes a shot at characterize design. Authority and significant choice are in the hand of top administration, not accept on independence rather work in groups or gatherings to take care of various issues. While working in US and China, McDonald faces various issues as what sort of initiative procedure they should receive so as to accomplish the objectives and goals. A detail hypothesis and idea is given that will recommend that what kind of techniques the firm should embrace to manage this initiative in these two nations. The absolute first segment manages possibility plan hypothesis and the other segment will manages structuration hypothesis. Possibility hypothesis Al Dunlap experience shows that distinctive authority methodologies must be embraced by the firm when working at worldwide level. The explanation is that various nations culture and convention exceptionally influence the initiative in nations. A few people don't love to lead while a few people love to get management structure the top to realize that what ought to be their following stage. Along these lines, possibility hypothesis recommends that diverse administration methodologies ought to be received by the nation type. In this possibility hypothesis, distinctive idea and techniques are utilized and these will be the piece of paper depiction. Defender Model As per defender possibility model, the gathering execution can be improved if the best possible coordinating of pioneer style and circumstance is picked up by the pioneer. This is really a legitimate coordinating between the pioneer style and kind of circumstance. Diverse circumstance required various styles of authority. For this the administration style is required to be distinguished by the circumstance. To realize that what really the style ought to be Fielder grown last favored associate examiner. This examiner will assist the pioneer with knowing that either their workers are task situated or relationship arranged. Defender builds up a 16 pager examiner in which he positioned question into two classifications, task situated and relationship arranged. These examiners are then flowed inside the workers who than expand that what sort of authority methodologies are required by the representatives. Correspondingly the McDonald ought to embrace the comparative method of examiner befo re working in any nation to realize that what kind of administration methodology they need in the organization, either need task arranged authority or relationship situated initiative. While working at worldwide level, such instrument won’t fill in as the quantity of representatives is tremendous and taking perspective on every worker at every district would not be conceivable by the McDonald. Later defender has created three possibility measurements which ought to be taken in thought as these will characterize the key situational components of any firm. These three possibility measurements are given as Pioneer part relations: this characterizes the relationship inside the workers and their pioneers. This measurement additionally shows the level of certainty, regard and trust the individuals have on their pioneers. Undertaking structure: this measurement empowers the pioneer to realize what work task ought to be organized and which ought not be organized. Position power: this measurement portrays the intensity of the pioneer, for example, intensity of employing, terminating, advancing and compensation increment. As indicated by defender see, the more the better connection inside the pioneer and the worker, better will be the structure of an association. The more grounded the situation of the pioneer in the firm, the more he/she will has authority over the workers. In coordinating pioneers and circumstances, the defender recommended that task-arranged pioneers can work better in circumstance in which the conditions improve the errand orientated nature of the pioneers. For example fro task arranged pioneers, a superior organized and oversees framework will work better. In addition, the more the force given to the assignment arranged pioneers, the more they can accomplish their errand productively and rapidly. Subjective asset hypothesis Defender with his colleague Joe Garcia re-conceptualized the previously mentioned hypothesis and proposes another hypothesis that is named as psychological asset hypothesis. As per this hypothesis, they two recommend that the pressure really impact the circumstance and authority quality however experience and knowledge can bring down this pressure impacts the administration quality. Discernment really influenced by this pressure since this influences the legitimate and investigative thinking about the pioneers. In any case, they additionally propose that the knowledge and experience of the pioneers can assist them with minimizing this pressure. As per this idea they recommended three ends Mandate conduct result the great execution just when the high knowledge is connected with the low pressure. In high-stress circumstance, the connection between the professional training and execution become positive and solid The scholarly capacities of the pioneers when coordinated appropriately with the gathering execution, it prompts a low pressure circumstance. Hersey and Blanchard’s situational hypothesis This hypothesis was created by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard and is named as situational administration hypothesis. As indicated by Stephen P. Robbins (2001) â€Å"Situation administration is a possibility hypothesis that centers around the adherents. Effective authority is accomplishing by choosing the correct initiative style, which Hersey and Blanchard contend is dependent upon the degree of supporters, readiness.† Book: (hierarchical conduct, ninth release) p. 322. The principle accentuation is on centering the adherents and status. Concentrating on supporters implies that really the administration style rely upon the devotees, what sort of initiative style they wan

Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report Free Essays

Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report. | Experiment Title:| Infra Red Spectrometry of Liquid Sample| Experiment Date:| 22/11/12| Submission Date:| 6/12/12| | Group Members| | 2. | 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now | 4. | Aims and Objectives. | 1. To decipher the IR Spectrum. 2. To get the range of a fluid example and recognized compound utilizing library information base . | Introduction. | Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is one of the most widely recognized spectroscopic procedures utilized by natural and inorganic physicists. Basically, it is the retention estimation of various IR frequencies by an example situated in the way of an IR bar. The primary objective of IR spectroscopic investigation is to decide the concoction useful gatherings in the example. Diverse practical gatherings retain trademark frequencies of IR radiation. Utilizing different inspecting adornments, IR spectrometers can acknowledge a wide scope of test types, for example, gases, fluids, and solids. Hence, IR spectroscopy is a significant and mainstream apparatus for: * Identification of obscure materials. * Determination of the quality or consistency of an example. Assurance of the measure of segments in a blend. * Identification of a wide range of natural and numerous kinds of inorganic mixes. * Determination of practical gatherings in natural materials. * Determination of the atomic structure of surfaces. * Identification of chromatographic effluents. * Quantitative assurance of mixes in blends. * Non-dangerous technique. * Determi nation of atomic compliance (auxiliary isomers) and stereochemistry (geometrical isomers). * Determination of atomic direction (polymers and arrangements). By nterpreting the infrared ingestion range, the substance bonds in an atom can be resolved. FTIR spectra of unadulterated mixes are commonly so one of a kind that they resemble an atomic â€Å"fingerprint†. While natural mixes have rich, point by point spectra, inorganic mixes are generally a lot less complex. For most basic materials, the range of an obscure can be recognized by correlation with a library of known mixes. Unique mark regionFor each exacerbate a confounded arrangement of assimilations happen between wave numbers 500 to 1500 because of an assortment of bowing and extending inside the particle. This locale is known as the unique finger impression district. Each compound has an extraordinary arrangement of troughs inside the unique finger impression locale that can be utilized to recognize the atom. It is difficult to distinguish singular troughs because of explicit bonds in the unique mark locale. Lessened Total Reflectance (ATR)In Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy all that is required for examination is that the example of intrigue be carried into contact with the ATR precious stone. The infrared shaft is passed into the ATR component with the end goal that its edge of occurrence surpasses the â€Å"critical† point. Under this condition absolute inner impression of the shaft happens and a standing fleeting wave is set up at the ATR gem/test interface. The adequacy of this wave rots quickly with expanding good ways from the reflecting interface along these lines test focus and thickness are not a worry for these estimations. Negligible to no example planning is required for this strategy and a wide assortment of solids and a few fluids (subordinate upon precious stone material) can be broke down utilizing ATR[Ref 3]Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) ComponentsZinc Selenide (ZnSe) is the most well known material for infrared application and it is artificially dormant. Because of wide transmission extend covering 0. 6 to 20â mâ m CVD developed ZnSe high optical quality material is utilized to fabricate optical parts (windows, mirrors, focal points and so forth ) for high force IR lasers. [Ref 4]| Materials and Methods. | Material: FTIR instrument, Liquid example. Method:1. The foundation of the earth (water fume, covalent bond) was estimated before setting test. 2. Test set onto the cell and squeezed test assortment on the instrument. 3. Test cell cleaned utilizing ethanol and cotton wool(water can't be utilized )4. Results gathered and deciphered. | Results. | Compound no:| Identified as:| Aromatic or Aliphatic | 1| Ester| Aliphatic| 2| Alcohol/Phenol| Aliphatic| 3| Hydrocarbon| Aromatic| 4| Keton| Aromatic| | Discussion. | 1. Compound recognized as Ester : C-H assimilation around 3000cm-1 C=O or Carbonyl pinnacle, Strong retention in 1820-1660 cm-1 C=O Strong force ingestion almost 1300-100 cm-1 Not Aromatic 2. Compound indentified as Alcohol/Phenol:C-H ingestion around 3000cm-1NO C=O Strong retention in 1820-1660 cm-1O-H Broad assimilation close to 3300-3600 cm-1Aromatic C-H happens to one side of C-H area (3000cm-1) and aliphatic to one side. 3. Compound indentified as Hydrocarbon :C-H ingestion around 3000cm-1NO C=O or Carbonyl pinnacle, Strong assimilation in 1820-1660 cm-1MAJOR retention close to 3000cm-1 C-H locale and just a single other ingestion at 1450-1375cm-1 4. Compound indentified as Keton:C-H assimilation around 3000cm-1 C=O or Carbonyl pinnacle, Strong ingestion in 1820-1660 cm-1No OH expansive retention almost 3400-2400 cm-1 (Acid)No C-O single bond assimilation close to 1300-1000 cm-1(Ester)No C-H assimilation close to 2850-2750 cm-1 on the correct hand side of the C-H absorptionFinally mixes were appointed to fragrant or aliphatic gatherings follows: Medium to solid ingestions in the locale 1650/1450cm-1 the nearness of a sweet-smelling ring. If you don't mind see table in Results segment. Counsel the C-H area (3000cm-1)aromatic C-H happens to one side of the 3000cm cm-1and aliphatic to one side. [Ref 1]| Conclusions. | The understanding of infrared spectra includes the connection of retention groups in the range of an obscure compound with the known ingestion frequencies for kinds of bonds. This table will assist clients with getting progressively acquainted with the procedure. Huge for the distinguishing proof of the wellspring of an assimilation band areâ intensityâ (weak,â medium orâ strong),â shapeâ (broad orâ sharp), andâ positionâ (cm-1) in the range. Trademark INFRARED ABSORPTION FREQUENCIES| Bond| Compound Type| Frequency go, cm-1| C-H| Alkanes| 2960-2850(s) stretch| | 1470-1350(v) scissoring and bending| | CH3 Umbrella Deformation| 1380(m-w) †Doublet †isopropyl,â t-butyl| C-H| Alkenes| 3080-3020(m) stretch| | 1000-675(s) bend| C-H| Aromatic Rings| 3100-3000(m) stretch| | Phenyl Ring Substitution Bands| 870-675(s) bend| | Phenyl Ring Substitution Overtones| 2000-1600(w) †unique mark region| C-H| Alkynes| 3333-3267(s) stretch| | 700-610(b) bend| C=C| Alkenes| 1680-1640(m,w)) stretch| C? C| Alkynes| 2260-2100(w,sh) stretch| C=C| Aromatic Rings| 1600, 1500(w) stretch| C-O| Alcohols, Ethers, Carboxylic acids, Esters| 1260-1000(s) stretch| C=O| Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Esters| 1760-1670(s) stretch| O-H| Monomeric †Alcohols, Phenols| 3640-3160(s,br) stretch| | Hydrogen-reinforced â€Â Alcohols, Phenols| 3600-3200(b) stretch| | Carboxylic acids| 3000-2500(b) stretch| N-H| Amines| 3500-3300(m) stretch| | 1650-1580 (m) bend| C-N| Amines| 1340-1020(m) stretch| C? N| Nitriles| 2260-2220(v) stretch| NO2| Nitro Compounds| 1660-1500(s) topsy-turvy stretch| | 1390-1260(s) balanced stretch| †variable, m †medium, s †solid, br †wide, w †weak[Ref 2]| Recommendations. | 1. Try not to utilize cells as follows :glass, quartz, plastic | References. | 1. Manual of instrumentation research facility practice part 2,Author:Jesus Frias Celayeta,Ph. D. ,2012. Source :Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology . School of Science Dr. Kathleen Lough and Dr. Gay Keaveney2. http:// wwwchem. csustan. edu/Tutorials/INFRARED. HTM got to 02/12/12. 3. http://www. sciner. com/Opticsland/ZnSe. htm got to 03/12/12. 4. http://www. x-ray. psu. edu/offices/MCL/methods/FTIR/FTIRdesc. asp| Step by step instructions to refer to Food and Pharmaceutical Instrumentation I Laboratory Report, Essay models

Deep Essay Topics in a Literary Journal

Deep Essay Topics in a Literary JournalIn a literary journal, many students, even the ones who get good grades, dread writing a deep essay topic. Their first instinct is to write something short and easy, but sometimes it can be an excellent idea. A true writer should be able to do it well, and many literary writers are very good at doing so. However, the trick is getting past the first level of difficulty, because otherwise you will end up with a very rough draft.Even if you are just getting started in a school, you should do some research on how one writer managed to write his first novel before he turned thirty-two. His name was Herman Melville, and he had a very difficult time with one of his subjects. He became discouraged, and he eventually wrote Moby Dick. He was not particularly successful at his first attempt, but then he took time off and began writing again. The more he wrote, the better he got, and he completed the manuscript, published it, and won the Nobel Prize for Lit erature.Writing a novel is another example of a process in which writers can get frustrated. Many first writers try to write short stories that are not very deep, and they get discouraged before they complete their first novel. They continue to write short stories, and some of them become very successful. Others quit entirely, and this is why many writers write a novel after just completing one short story.The same goes for short stories: the more short stories you write, the more difficult it becomes to write them as part of a novel. To be a successful short story writer, you must keep writing. Even when you feel like you are stuck, you should always write.Deep essay topics are no different. However, writing one is harder than writing one or two short stories. Since so much of your learning has already taken place during your high school education, you may be able to write one in spite of yourself.Writing essay topics is as much about learning the rules as it is about knowing the m aterial. You need to know what the words mean before you start. Your first instinct when you do not know what the word means is to look it up, but this is where you must put down a marker. This means you need to read the words in context, which is something you would not do if you were trying to learn a new word.Part of the problem with writing essay topics is that they can be too big for your average student. Most high school students have read one or two books by now, and they know that words like 'is'were' are used to describe things, and that different speakers use them differently. They also know that some words sound similar to one another.That means writing deep essay topics can take longer to write than you think. It can be tempting to try and cut down on the length of your topic, but if you do that, the time spent will increase and will pay off when you are done. It is important to write a good draft, but that draft needs to be long enough to be interesting, yet short enoug h to be understandable.

Formal Comparison of Euripides and Senecas Versions of Medea - Literature Essay Samples

Originally written by Euripides, Medea is an ancient Greek tragedy based upon the myth of Medea and Jason. After encountering Jason during his quest for the Golden Fleece, Medea falls in love and abandons her homeland to help him throughout his journey with her sorceress powers. The two become lovers and are sentenced to exile in Iolcus, eventually seeking asylum in Corinth. Their relationship suffers when Jason is unable to remain faithful to Medea in their marriage, thus causing her to seek revenge on him in unthinkable ways. Seneca’s Medea is the other one of two surviving ancient versions of this tragedy and contains stark differences to Euripides’ version although maintaining a similar plot. Euripides and Seneca each offer a unique interpretation of Medea’s process of plotting her revenge against Jason. This is best shown through Medea’s behavior at the beginning, her plea to King Creon of Corinth, and her disturbing decision to kill her children in b oth plays. In Euripides’ Medea, Medea is portrayed as a devoted wife that is wronged by her husband Jason and so, in the act of retaliation, causes the deaths of his new bride, his father-in-law, and her own two children. However, her exact plans for revenge are not quite obvious at the beginning of the play. Before Medea comes out to speak to the chorus, the Nurse explains her situation and states, â€Å"Poor Medea, mournful and dishonored, / shrieks at his broken oaths, the promise sealed with his right hand† (p. 4). Here, Euripides begins to show Medea as being pitiful and in a constant weeping state because of Jason dishonoring her by abandoning their oath. She is heard from within the house, crying out â€Å"Aaaah! I’ve suffered so much, / worth oceans of weeping. O children, accursed, / may you die―with your father! Your mother is hateful† (p. 8). While it is clear that she is upset and hurt based on her moaning in the background, it only seems that she is acting out because of her inability to control her feelings about what she has been through. Euripides introduces the possibility of Medea harming those who have hurt her when the Nurse says, â€Å"I’m afraid she might be plotting something. / Her mind is fierce, and she will not endure ill treatment† (p. 4-5). Despite this statement, it is important to notice that the Nurse is merely vocalizing her fear that Medea may seek revenge, and that it is still unclear to the audience how far Medea is willing to go to hurt those who have wronged her. Medea is deeply hurt over Jason’s betrayal and complains at first, but then she uses her feelings of grief and pain to strategize the perfect plot to pay him back for his unfaithfulness. Her acts of reprisal are improvised and further developed as the play progresses. On the contrary, Seneca’s Medea has clear motives from the start of the play as she is both passionate and determined to get revenge for Jason’s unfaithfulness. Right from the opening of Act 1, Medea is seen invoking maledictions upon Jason while imploring the blessings of various gods to give her the power she needs to fulfill her plans for vengeance. As she calls out to â€Å"powers of feuding vengeance,† she says, â€Å"Kill his new partner, kill his new father†¦ For the groom, may something worse remain† (p. 44). Unlike Euripides’ Medea, Medea herself expresses her detestation for Jason, King Creon, and princess Creusa at the start of Seneca’s play. In addition, Seneca chooses to reveal that Medea intends on killing both Jason’s new wife and new father-in-law, but has a different route of revenge planned for Jason himself. Like Euripides, Seneca still doesn’t give away the fact that Medea will sacrifice her children as well as the others to fully destroy Jason’s life. Medea’s thirst for vengeance is further shown when she tells herself, â€Å"Medea, bare your rage for fighting, and prepare yourself to kill, work to a frenzy† (p. 46). This demonstrates how Medea is praying to the gods in order to motivate and prepare herself to commit crimes worse than the ones she committed for Jason’s sake. Seneca’s Medea shows herself as being more in control of her emotions because of her fiery desire for revenge, whereas Euripides’ Medea is more emotional and pitiful in the opening of the play. Furthermore, it can be inferred that Medea’s plans for punishing Jason and Creon are already matured from the start of Seneca’s play. In both versions of the ancient tragedy, Medea is cleverly manipulative as she pleads to Creon to grant her one additional day in Corinth. He eventually gives in to her request, which is a significant element in both plays because it allows Medea the time she needs to carry out the crimes she has plotted during her final day. Seemingly consistent with her behavior throughout Euripides’ play, Medea behaves emotionally and pitifully in order to persuade Creon to let her have one more day in Corinth. Nevertheless, it is crucial to realize that in her dialogue with Creon, Medea knows exactly what she is doing with her language and is doing this on purpose. When Creon bluntly tells Medea that he fears her, she uses that fear to convince him with soothing words that she has no intent to hurt him: â€Å"Don’t worry, Creon. I don’t have it in me / to do wrong to a man with royal power† (p. 15). She utilizes strong language to make Creon feel more powerful than her because of his royal status, thus making it more likely for him to grant her the additional day. Medea even goes as far as to kneel before him and grasp his hand and knees in supplication, begging that he â€Å"Take pity on them. You yourself have children†¦ I’m not worried about myself―I weep for their disaster† (p. 17). Knowing how dearly Creon loves his children, Medea appeals to him by citing her worries about her own two children. Consequently, Euripides’ Medea is effectively able to convince Creon to permit her one last day in Corinth, allowing him to believe that the sole purpose for this extra time is to make arrangements for her exile and her children’s asylum. While Creon fears Medea in both versions of the play, Seneca’s Medea uses reason and appeal instead of putting on an emotional act to make Creon grant her an additional day in Corinth. In the dialogue between them, Medea’s goal is not to move Creon with her words but rather to be reasonable within her pleas so that he eventually must give in. She initially reasons with Creon to hear her case for sending her into exile with the same sources that brought her to Corinth in the first place, referring to Jason and the Argo. This plea is ineffective, so she declares her final request which is for Creon to have mercy on her sons who â€Å"have done no harm† (p. 58). He responds by telling her to leave, and that he will raise her sons with a father’s love. This response is not what Medea was looking for, so she again pleads for him to allow her a short delay so that she â€Å"may be a mother to [her] sons† (p. 59). Although Creon immediately suspects that s he wants this extra time for a plot, Medea denies any possibility of this and asks for â€Å"a little time for tears† (p. 59). Her pleas prove to be successful as Creon delays her banishment for just one day. Like Euripides, Seneca has Medea appeal to Creon with an emphasis on love for her children, but Seneca’s Medea utilizes less of an inferiority act and instead continuously reasons with him until he has no choice but to give in. Although Medea becomes torn over the choice of murdering her only two children, she ultimately decides that the sacrifice must be made to hurt Jason most greatly and effectively. Euripides and Seneca approach this difficult decision to kill her children in different ways. In Euripides’ version, Medea introduces the idea of killing her sons while explaining her revenge plot to the Chorus and even though they attempt to talk her out of it, she insists that it must be done to â€Å"wound my husband the most deeply† (p. 37). It can be inferred that Medea realizes the need for this brutal act in her previous conversation with Jason, where he states, â€Å"Men should really have some other method / for getting children. The whole female race / should not exist. It’s nothing but a nuisance† (p. 25). His statement is obnoxiously inaccurate, as Medea was at home raising their two sons in Corinth while Jason kept them all in the dark about his infidelity. As a resul t, Medea faces the realization that she must kill her children to â€Å"ruin Jason’s household† (p. 36). Instead of killing Jason along with everyone else, Medea finds it more efficient to ensure that he will lose his current children and his new bride, thereby ruining any chance of him ever fathering another child. Likewise to her behavior at the beginning of the play, Medea is still not fully able to control her emotions as she argues with her inner self about killing her children. She says, â€Å"Why should I, just to cause their father pain, / feel twice the pain myself by harming them? / †¦ But wait―what’s wrong with me? What do I want? / To allow my enemies to †¦ go unpunished?† (p. 46). As a mother with a genuine love for her children, Medea struggles to muster up the courage to kill her children but quickly changes her mind once she refocuses on her primary goal and purpose, which is to punish her greatest enemy, Jason. In contrast, Seneca’s Medea realizes from conversing with Jason how much love he has for their children, which makes it easier for her to understand why she must kill them. Their conversation is different from that in Euripides because it gives her a subtle understanding of how Jason can best be attacked through his immense love for his sons. Seneca demonstrates Jason’s fatherly love for his children when Medea asks him to allow her to take their children with her when she leaves Corinth. He refuses her request immediately, stating that â€Å"My children are / the reason I live on, the thing that makes / me able to endure the pain / †¦ I would more quickly sacrifice my soul / my body, life itself† (p. 74). This dialogue between Medea and Jason is especially significant because it shows Medea how deeply Jason loves his sons, which places him in a vulnerable position. She says to herself, â€Å"Is this how much / he loves his sons? That’s good. Then, h e is caught† (p. 74), since she now recognizes that she can use his love for them to her advantage. Similarly to Euripides’ Medea, Seneca’s Medea becomes conflicted about her decision to kill her children because of her motherly instincts. Speaking to herself, she argues, â€Å"How can I shed / the blood of my children, my own flesh? / Anger and madness must not come to this!† (p. 92). However, Medea once again changes her mind when she realizes that if she must be torn away from her children due to exile, then Jason surely cannot have them either. As her anger builds up, she says, â€Å"To their mother they are / forever gone and lost, so they must be / gone and lost to their father as well† (p. 93). Regardless of how difficult a decision it is for a mother to kill her own two children, both Euripides’ and Seneca’s Medea can convince themselves that the deed must be done in order to guarantee the most gruesome revenge against Jason. Despite their different stylistics of playwriting, Grecian Euripides and Roman Seneca are able to impressively portray the powerful shift of Medea’s feelings for Jason as his infidelity causes her love to turn into pure rage and fiery. Both playwrights elucidate Medea’s process for seeking revenge in distinctive ways, creating two versions of the same tale that can be interpreted differently. Nonetheless, neither Euripides or Seneca fail to prove to their audiences in the ancient tragedy of Medea that love and passion can ultimately drive anyone to commit the most unimaginable crimes. Works Cited Euripides. Medea. Translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2008. Seneca. Medea. Translated by Frederick Ahl. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1986.

Dover Beach and Farenheit 451 - 1461 Words

English 2342 20 April 2011 Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 The classic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. Bradbury uses this particular piece because the speaker in the poem is expressing feelings that are very similar to those of Montag in Fahrenheit 451. Matthew Arnold’s masterpiece, Dover Beach, has been dissected and analyzed endlessly since its†¦show more content†¦For the world†¦ hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain.† With this statement, â€Å"Arnold is announcing the big question for the modern world, intent on forcing love to bear the en ormous weight of providing human lives with meaning: If love is all humans have, what do they do when they cannot find love, or keep it?† (Ingersoll) Through the words of the man looking at the bay out the window with his love, Matthew Arnold has challenged two of the most widely accepted and unquestioned fundamental beliefs of the past few centuries, or even millennia: faith and love. In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag is his society’s Matthew Arnold. Instead of being a reverend’s son, he is a fireman’s son. Firemen in Montag’s world don’t extinguish fires, they create them in order to destroy books and all the possible evils that the books contain. His society burns books as if it is a religion. By becoming a fireman himself, Montag is positioned as an integral part of this â€Å"religion.† However, as he becomes more and more curious about why they burn the books without ever questioning the burning, he starts to secretly hide books aw ay in the air conditioning vent in his home. Montag knows that hoarding these books is against the law in the society in which he lives, and even punishable by death in extreme cases. The society in which Bradbury has created in Fahrenheit 451 is what is referred to as dystopian. While

French and Indian War - French and Indian War Seven Year War

Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained Victory in North America Having taken Quebec in the fall of 1759, British forces settled in for the winter. Commanded by Major General James Murray, the garrison endured a harsh winter during which over half of the men suffered from disease. As spring approached, French forces led by the Chevalier de Levis advanced down the St. Lawrence from Montreal. Besieging Quebec, Levis hoped to re-take the city before the ice in the river melted and the Royal Navy arrived with supplies and reinforcements. On April 28, 1760, Murray advanced out of the city to confront the French but was badly defeated at the Battle of Sainte-Foy. Driving Murray back into the citys fortifications, Levis continued his siege. This ultimately proved futile as British ships reached the city on May 16. Left with little choice, Levis retreated to Montreal. For the 1760 campaign, the British commander in North America, Major General Jeffery Amherst, intended to mount a three-pronged attack against Montreal. While troops advanced up the river from Quebec, a column led by Brigadier General William Haviland would push north over Lake Champlain. The main force, led by Amherst, would move to Oswego then cross Lake Ontario and attack the city from the west. Logistical issues delayed the campaign and Amherst did not depart Oswego until August 10, 1760. Successfully overcoming French resistance, he arrived outside of Montreal on September 5. Outnumbered and short on supplies, the French opened surrender negotiations during which Amherst stated, I have come to take Canada and I will take nothing less. After brief talks, Montreal surrendered on September 8 along with all of New France. With the conquest of Canada, Amherst returned to New York to begin planning expeditions against French holdings in the Caribbean. The End in India Having been reinforced during 1759, British forces in India began advancing south from Madras and recapturing positions that had been lost during earlier campaigns. Commanded by Colonel Eyre Coote, the small British army was a mix of East India Company soldiers and sepoys. At Pondicherry, the Count de Lally initially hoped that the bulk of the British reinforcements would be directed against a Dutch incursion in Bengal. This hope was dashed in late December 1759 when British troops in Bengal defeated the Dutch without requiring aid. Mobilizing his army, Lally began maneuvering against Cootes approaching forces. On January 22, 1760, the two armies, both numbering around 4,000 men, met near Wandiwash. The resulting Battle of Wandiwash was fought in the traditional European style and saw Cootes command soundly defeat the French. With Lallys men fleeing back to Pondicherry, Coote began capturing the citys out-lying fortifications. Further reinforced later that year, Coote laid siege to t he city while the Royal Navy conducted a blockade offshore. Cut off and with no hope of relief, Lally surrendered the city on January 15, 1761. The defeat saw the French lose their last major base in India. Defending Hanover In Europe, 1760 saw His Britannic Majestys Army in Germany further reinforced as London increased its commitment to the war on the Continent. Commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, the army continued its active defense of the Electorate of Hanover. Maneuvering through the spring, Ferdinand attempted a three-pronged attack against Lieutenant General Le Chevalier du Muy on July 31. In the resulting Battle of Warburg, the French attempted to escape before the trap was sprung. Seeking to achieve a victory, Ferdinand ordered Sir John Manners, Marquess of Granby to attack with his cavalry. Surging forward, they inflicted losses and confusion on the enemy, but Ferdinands infantry did not arrive in time to complete the victory. Frustrated in their attempts to conquer the electorate, the French moved north later that year with the goal striking from a new direction. Clashing with Ferdinands army at the Battle of Kloster Kampen on October 15, the French under the Marquis de Castries won a protracted fight and forced the enemy from the field. With the campaign season winding down, Ferdinand fell back to Warburg and, after further maneuvers to expel the French, entered into winter quarters. Though the year had brought mixed results, the French had failed in their efforts to take Hanover. Prussia Under Pressure Having narrowly survived the previous years campaigns, Frederick II the Great of Prussia quickly came under pressure from Austrian General Baron Ernst von Laudon. Invading Silesia, Laudon crushed a Prussian force at Landshut on June 23. Laudon then began moving against Fredericks main army in conjunction with a second Austrian force led by Marshal Count Leopold von Daun. Badly outnumbered by the Austrians, Frederick maneuvered against Laudon and succeeded in defeating him at the Battle of Liegnitz before Daun could arrive. Despite this victory, Frederick was taken by surprise in October when a combined Austro-Russian force successfully raided Berlin. Entering the city on October 9, they captured large amounts of war materials and demanded monetary tribute. Learning that Frederick was moving towards the city with his main army, the raiders departed three days later. Taking advantage of this distraction, Daun marched into Saxony with around 55,000 men. Splitting his army in two, Frederick immediately led one wing against Daun. Attacking at the Battle of Torgau on November 3, the Prussians struggled until late in the day when the other wing of the army arrived. Turning the Austrian left, the Prussians forced them from the field and won a bloody victory. With the Austrians retreating, campaigning for 1760 came to an end. Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained A War Weary Continent After five years of conflict, the governments in Europe were beginning to run short of both men and money with which to continue the war. This war weariness led to final attempts to seize territory to use as bargaining chips in peace negotiations as well as overtures for peace. In Britain, a key change occurred in October 1760 when George III ascended to the throne. More concerned with the colonial aspects of the war than the conflict on the Continent, George began to shift British policy. The final years of the war also saw the entry of a new combatant, Spain. In the spring of 1761, the French approached Britain regarding peace talks. While initially receptive, London backed out upon learning of negotiations between France and Spain to widen the conflict. These secret talks ultimately led to Spain entering the conflict in January 1762. Frederick Battles On In central Europe, a battered Prussia was only able to field around 100,000 men for the 1761 campaign season. As most of these were new recruits, Frederick changed his approach from one of maneuver to one of positional warfare. Constructing a massive fortified camp at Bunzelwitz, near Scheweidnitz, he worked to improve his forces. Not believing the Austrians would attack such a strong position, he moved the bulk of his army toward Neisee on September 26. Four days later, the Austrians assaulted the reduced garrison at Bunzelwitz and carried the works. Frederick suffered another blow in December when Russian troops captured his last major port on the Baltic, Kolberg. With Prussia facing complete destruction, Frederick was saved by the death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia on January 5, 1762. With her demise, the Russian throne passed to her pro-Prussian son, Peter III. An admirer of Fredericks military genius, Peter III concluded the Treaty of Petersburg with Prussia that May ending ho stilities. Free to focus his attention on Austria, Frederick began campaigning to gain the upper hand in Saxony and Silesia. These efforts culminated with a victory at the Battle of Freiberg on October 29. Though pleased with the victory, Frederick was angered that the British had abruptly halted their financial subsidies. The British separation from Prussia began with the fall of William Pitt and the Duke of Newcastles government in October 1761. Replaced by the Earl of Bute, the government in London began to abandon Prussian and Continental war aims in favor of securing its colonial acquisitions. Though the two nations had agreed not to negotiate separate peaces with the enemy, the British violated this pact by making overtures to the French. Having lost his financial backing, Frederick entered into peace negotiations with Austria on November 29. Hanover Secured Eager to secure as much of Hanover as possible before the end of fighting, the French increased the number of troops committed to that front for 1761. Having turned back a winter offensive by Ferdinand, French forces under Marshal Duc de Broglie and the Prince of Soubise began their campaign in the spring. Meeting Ferdinand at the Battle of Villinghausen on July 16, they were soundly defeated and forced from the field. The remainder of the year saw the two sides maneuvering for advantage as Ferdinand again succeeded in defending the electorate. With the resumption of campaigning in 1762, he soundly defeated the French at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal on June 24. Pushing on later that year, he attacked and captured Cassel on November 1. Having secured the town, he learned that peace talks between the British and French had begun. Spain the Caribbean Though largely unprepared for war, Spain entered the conflict in January 1762. Promptly invading Portugal, they had some success before British reinforcements arrived and bolstered the Portuguese army. Seeing Spains entry as an opportunity, the British embarked on a series of campaigns against Spanish colonial possessions. Utilizing veteran troops from the fighting in North America, the British Army and Royal Navy conducted a series of combined-arms attacks that captured French Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Granada. Arriving off Havana, Cuba in June 1762, British forces captured the city that August. Aware that troops had been withdrawn from North America for operations in the Caribbean, the French mounted an expedition against Newfoundland. Valued for its fisheries, the French believed Newfoundland to be a valuable bargaining chip for peace negotiations. Capturing St. Johns in June 1762, they were driven out by the British that September. On the far side of the world, British forces, freed from fighting in India, moved against Manila in the Spanish Philippines. Capturing Manila in October, they forced the surrender of the entire island chain. As these campaigns concluded word was received that peace talks were underway. Previous: 1758-1759 - The Tide Turns | French Indian War/Seven Years War: Overview | Next: Aftermath: An Empire Lost, An Empire Gained

The Secular Leaders From The Catholic Church - 1245 Words

Brigette Dakovich Religion P7 4-20-16 The Secular Leaders From The Catholic Church: Our Mission in History (white book by the window) on pages 126-128. How did the different kings of the 400s effect The Christian faith? What were the positives and negatives of each? The Christian faith was effected differently dependent upon the king at the time, and the changes they decided to make. Sometimes for the positive and sometimes for the negative. Originally the Church and the Roman Empire in the East worked closely together. By the mid-400 s the commander in chief, who was named, Odovacar, was king of the Goths, (he deposed the Western emperor in 476.) Then Theidoric became king of the eastern Goths, he managed to keep the peace, however he had one major different religious belief. Thai difference was that the Romans were allied to the Church of Rome; the Goths, Theodoric included, were Arians. Theodoric granted religious freedom to all. Clovis, king of the Franks was baptized and had thousands of his soldiers be baptized with him. (The Franks were the only Catholics.) Clovis used the Church to unite the people, and had a set order of religious rituals. As the Franks spread Arianism died out. However then disagreements arose amongst the bishop of Rom e and patriarch of Constantinople of theological matter. So Denis the Short created the canon law, he also changed lists of the saints, and he started a new calendar—one dating from the year of Christ s birth (what we use today.)Show MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Italian Renaissance1287 Words   |  6 Pagessociety dominated by a secular, humanistic spirit. One of the most historically significant events of the Renaissance was the Reformation. Some people argue that the Reformation was a rejection the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance. Others assert that the Reformation was an embracement of these secular ideas. 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Aside from these aspects of the two kings beliefs and practices of monarchy, the architecture of their palaces reflected their ideals, or personal beliefs, and the interpretation made by the painters of the palaces reflects the attitudes of the two kings toward

Essay on The Effects of Technology on Society - 1697 Words

Today we swim in a sea of ever-changing technology that affects us as much as our thoughts and actions shape it. The technology we have chosen, either by the preferences of those who use it, or the agendas of those who own and benefit from it, has had its own influence on us from gross examples such as increased pollution, or a higher Western-style standard of living, to the way one person perceives another. Some people who resist using some, or even all technology; they are often called Luddites by those who embrace all things new; another type calls themselves Neo-Luddites, such as Kirkpatrick Sale. In his book Human scale, Sale describes the slow rotting of the stones of the Parthenon and other ancient monuments to†¦show more content†¦The history of Industrial factory technology begins to appear as a collective fetish of the ruling classes for instruments of control. In American Industrial development, the direction of technological development since the Civil War has be en driven by the largest customer of that Industry, the Military (Noble, 334), and the society that works in and uses the products of that Industry has been affected by that direction. But as to the woes of our civilization, ...Technology is not the problem, nor is it the solution. The problem is political, moral, and cultural, as is the solution: a successful challenge to a system of domination which masquerades as progress. Noble, 351) Luddite Technology Social power is needed to direct the resources necessary for technological innovation; so during the history of the Industrial Age, at the beginning, the machines were new, large, and expensive, so only those who controlled enough social power to bring about the machines could decide on what forms those machines came in-- the wealthy, and the state, through the needs of the military. Less expensive and more efficient technologies were stifled by those in authority if they did not contribute to the goal of taking power away from th e workers and placing it in the hands of management. In this century, the development of Numerically Controlled (N/C)Show MoreRelatedTechnology : The Effects Of Technology And Society1283 Words   |  6 Pages The effects of technology with society has beneficial impacted the way we live. With technology is providing many advantages, but also it has some disadvantages it has on children and adults. There is little room for people that wish to live without technology, moreover than living the way they did in the old days. Technology has its advantages, it’s has changed the way people have communicated by email, social media, the way traveling has improved. Have you ever heard the saying ‘Children are bornRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society871 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is technology? Is it the tool that propels humanity forward or is technology the cuffs that hold the everyday man from leaving his own comfort. Or is technology more than a tool, more than a mechanical device? Ray Bradbury s Works are known 4 expanding technology and using speculative fiction to reveal the way technology is consuming the everyday person. but what if Ray Bradbury was never talking about technology and its effect on society with society s effect on technology? It is assumedRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1386 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be embedded in machines, computers , devices and factories, which can be operated by individuals without detailed knowledge of the workings of such things. Technology has produced many positive contributions to society and how it has grownRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesworld is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined theRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application o f scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the livesRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1473 Words   |  6 Pageswould surmise that technology has an overwhelmingly negative effect on society. Although there might be consequences that stem from technology, these negative effects only bring about more good than they bring about evil. This good transforms the world in ways people may never be able to comprehend. Technology will always be the epitome of human intelligence and it is this fact that should allow us to not only understand that technology is not dangerous to us but that technology should enable theRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect O n Society1176 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is the sum of the ways in which social groups provide themselves with the material objects of their civilization. (â€Å"Technology†) In addition, technology has become a basic necessity for people all around the world. Not only does technology have positive effects on how people function in the world, but it also has many negative effects. On a similar topic, technology has improved the way we live tremendously, but people have become extremely dependent on it, almost to the point to whereRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1396 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology on its own cannot be beneficial or detrimental to the cognitive ability and the human relationship. Its effect on society depends on how and when technology is used. Technology continues to interact with our human experience in some way or the other. It is profoundly reshaping how we live today and giving rise to new strand of lifestyle and custom. With the rise of technologies, we expect to gain from its advances in the field of communication, social interaction, research and developmentRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society1694 Words   |  7 PagesTechnological advances have certainly entered this era to facilitate people’s lives. There is no doubt that some new technology has been created to help operate or effectively manage time in a way that would be beneficial to humans. Technology significantly helps a number of people. A group that greatly benefits with the advances of technology is teenagers. Teens constantly use computers for schoolwork, networking, or knowing anything they want to know with a simple use of their fingertips. FurthermoreRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Society1372 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Abuse Technology has rapidly increased over the past few years and has had a great impact on everyone in several ways. The impact of this applied science on people’s lifestyles has made several too dependent on technology. There needs to be a specific limit to technology that is reasonable but considerable for everyone. This new addiction is truly significant because this modern world of ours can have dangerous consequences that we are not aware of. In the past, many of the machines and

Results of the Crusades Free Essays

The Crusades as a whole were an obvious failure, yet regardless of the lack of gain from such expeditions, Europe still moved forth within their own boundaries. The First Crusade was a shining victory, taking Jerusalem out of Muslim control and achieving mass popularity with the people of Europe. Thanks to the achievement of the first Crusade, one of the results was the Templars, or Knights of the Temple, which created safe routes between Europe and the crusaders states and the defense of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. We will write a custom essay sample on Results of the Crusades or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later results of the Crusades were extremely important to the longevity of the Europeans, even though the Crusades did not produce a permanent Western political presence in Asia Minor. Although they had been defeated, the Europeans had already found new routes to the Far East and were in the midst of a far broader overseas expansion. Another great result of the Crusades were advances in military technology.After the initial invasion, the crusaders fought a largely defensive war, which led them to become particularly skilled in the art of constructing castles. Coincident with improvement of castle building was greater sophistication in siege engines to break down walls and gates. Another result of the Crusades were economic, especially for traders and the general economy of Europe. Although the campaigns were expensive, they also put a considerable amount of money in circulation by paying for weapons, provisions, shipping, and accommodations. The Crusades stimulated trade in sugar, spices, and similar products from the East and encouraged the production of luxury goods, such as silk cloth, in Europe itself. Regardless of these great results for European nations themselves, the most important result for Christianity and the spread of, was easily exploration.The Crusades encouraged a curiosity about exotic cultures. Starting from the crusader principalities in the East, first missionaries and then merchants penetrated deep into central Asia, and by the 13th century had reached China. Their reports of the areas gave Europe abundant information about East Asia and helped inspire Western navigators in the late 15th and 16th centuries. The desire to explore, conquer other cultures, and of course, spread Christianity was all part of the crusades-inspired later imperia lism. How to cite Results of the Crusades, Papers

Return With Honor (book report) Essay Example For Students

Return With Honor (book report) Essay The book I read is an autobiography, Return With Honor, By Captain Scott OGrady withJeff Coplan. Jeff Coplan is a prominent writer for the New York Time Magazine. He isalso the author of Gold Buckle. This young captains life began in Long Beach California in 1967.Scott OGradyhas two siblings a brother and a sister, Paul and Stacy. His Father was a doctor at LongBeach Community Hospital and also a certified pilot. His mother was a house wifewhich is one of the hardest jobs of all. His family was very patriotic. Scott was an average student throughout his years in school. Even though he wasaverage he had a very strong will to succeed. Being that his father was successful in hiscareer he had very high expectations for his three children, but also spent timeentertaining them often times by taking them for rides in his Cessna 150, which is a smalltwo seater plane. This is how Scotts life as a pilot began when he was six years old, Thefirst day he went with his dad he was presented with a certificate that read, this is tocertify that Scott OGrady has navigated the air ways and flown up to Santa Catalinasunique Airport in the sky, which overlooks the ocean from an altitude of 1602 feet. Bythe time he was in the eighth grade he became fixated on the idea he was going to be apilot In high school he was a kicker on the Long Beach Gators, which was his high schoolfootball team. He began as a second string player but a good friend, who was aprofessional kicker, helped him to improve. This along with h is strong will led him tobecome an all star kicker. In the fall of his senior year he slaved to boost his grades. Heapplied for admission to the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. Even though hisgrades were good his Sat scores were low and he was rejected. He was disappointed buthis goal was still to become a fighter pilot. So he enrolled in an aeronautical engineeringprogram at the University of Washington in Seattle. He then switched his major toaccounting then to business then to forestry. He joined a fraternity and was in the ROTCprogram. He took a short break from school then went back to live with his dad inSeattle. His dads friend knew of a good school, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Universityin Florida. Scott applied and was accepted for the fall term but the Florida campus wasfull so it was suggested that he go to the satellite campus in Prescott Arizona. The schooland the location were depressing so he put a lot of time into the ROTC program andbecame the vice commander of more then a hundred cadets. He graduated afteraccumulating high credentials. He was then accepted into the Euro-NATO Joint Jet PilotProgram at Shepherd Air Force Base in Texas from which he graduated and was now aUS Air Force pilot. After several years and much traveling around the world the Air Force stationedhim in Aviano Italy in 1992. In 1995 he was briefed to enforce a no fly zone in Bosnia. At that point he was shot out of the sky. His plane was mangled, but he managed tosurvive the crash by ejecting out of the plane. After he landed he had to escape Bosnianstorm troopers that were on the constant lookout for him. He had little water and nofood. He survived off of eating ants and foliage that he found. After five days of beingconstantly persued he finally made radio contact with NATO who sent a rescue team tosave Scott OGrady. The thing that impressed me most about Captain Scott OGrady is the fact that even when he was enduring the hardest parts of his life he never gave up. For examplewhen he applied for the Air Force Academy in Colorado and was rejected he still persueda college education. .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .postImageUrl , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:hover , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:visited , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:active { border:0!important; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:active , .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76a0e6bee871acf74b7134e93611e7de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Experiencing Failure Essay Paper I chose to read about Scott OGrady because he impressed me with hisdetermination to live and to gain world wide recognition for his heroic conflict. I thinkhe is a very courageous person and represents his country well. Scott made a large contribution to the country when he choose to go to the AirForce and enforce world peace. The next contribution he made was the ability to restorehope in other troops who were fighting in Bosnia at the time. I would recommend this book to anyone who thinks that cant over come smallobstacles in life. This book shows that anyone can overcome anything if they are strongwilled and put their mind to it. Category: English

The Contributions of Buddhism to the Asian Culture free essay sample

Describes the history, growth, spread of the Buddhism. Examines the reasons for the religions popularity unpopularity. Discusses the prospects for Buddhism in the future. The Contributions of Buddhism to the Asian Cultures Viewing Buddhism as a mystical religion far removed from the pressures and dynamics of capitalism is a popular belief but one which is far removed from the realities at the core of the religion. Buddhism has always faced this confusion, since there has always been a tension between the this-worldly and the other-worldly. This tension was at the heart of many early doctrinal controversies about such matters as the nature of Nirvana, the purpose of monastic life, and the character of the relationship between monks and the laity (Swearer, 1997, 81). It is this built in dichotomy between this world and other world that both hastened Buddhisms spread and caused resistance to what many nations saw (and some still see) as an encroachment. We will write a custom essay sample on The Contributions of Buddhism to the Asian Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is Buddhism that hard to understand? This analysis will trace..

Sample Essays For Teachers

Sample Essays For TeachersThere are some sample essays for teachers that you can use to talk about yourself in your profession. These samples will help you in giving an authentic voice to your work. These sample essays are usually chosen by the applicants who have already taken the final examination or who are planning to take the exam in the near future.These are sample essays that are prepared to talk about you and your work in a normal person's way. These essays will speak about your interests, your values, your character, your history, your achievements, your personality, your other accomplishments and your leadership abilities. You will need to concentrate on telling the students the other side of you and also give them the impression that you can be trusted. Most of the schools that provide this kind of essay service include all the skills that they do not give to their other applicants.Most of the students do not have much knowledge about education and teaching. This is the re ason why the more experienced teachers use this sample essay to talk about themselves in their profession. These assignments will teach them that they can do all that they want in their profession. They will realize that what they really need to do is to take their profession seriously and to serve the students with a different perspective.These sample essays will tell the students that they do not need to stress over themselves. They will find that they need to get some courage and self-confidence if they want to become good teachers. These students need to be motivated and they need to be strong in order to face the difficulties and challenges of teaching. These students need to find out what they need to have to succeed in their career.They will find that these students can not just teach the students, but they can really give them the right kind of education. Most of the students are so much confused as to where to get the education from. These students need to know that they ne ed to consider other sources and they need to look into their own country to find the best education. They need to understand that they need to prepare themselves to deal with all the challenges that they will face as a teacher.These sample essays will help these students in identifying the right path in the education. These students will find out that they need to focus on the importance of the subjects that they will teach and they need to give these subjects some attention. This will make them realize that they need to stay dedicated and focused on their teaching.The most important thing that you need to remember is that these students are actually looking for that teacher who has his own talents and capabilities. These students will recognize that you have the potential to become one of the great teachers in your profession.

Circuit Breaker Abstract Essays - Electrical Wiring, Free Essays

Circuit Breaker Abstract Essays - Electrical Wiring, Free Essays Circuit Breaker Abstract A circuit breaker was examined to determine how it works. Basically, it is designed to disconnect the current if the current passing through the breaker is higher than the allowable current. Its main parts consist of a switch, connecting pads, and the disconnect device. Since the breaker consists of many individual parts, the only improvement found was to combine some of the parts into a single part. Introduction Our group dissected a thirty-amp household Circuit-breaker. Its purpose is to protect electrical appliances from being damaged though excessive currents. A circuit breaker limits the amount of current that may safely enter a household electrical system via a predetermined amperage rating. It is placed in series between your house and the provided electricity. Any current in excess of the rated current amount will trip the circuit breaker in to a non-conducting or open path condition. The closed path is maintained until either magnetism or thermal expansion causes the circuit to trip. Device Description The circuit breaker has several features that are worth noting in the design discussion. First is its ability to detect various types of loading situations. The breaker can not only open a circuit in response to a current spike, but can also react to a sustained moderate current draw, just above its rated current. The circuit breaker also has an easily resetable 3-position switch, and various internal safety features such as spark arrestors and cavity vents. Operation of the circuit breaker is simple, but utilizes complex mechanisms. Essentially there are to main internal mechanisms; the trigger and the switch. The trigger is the device that senses the abnormal current load. A sharp spike in current will cause a magnetic field to form in the trigger, releasing the switch. A slightly elevated, but more constant current draw through the breaker will cause the bi-metal composition of the trigger mechanism to deflect in an arc like manner, which is also capable of releasing the switch. This reaction may take a longer amount of time to open the circuit, but is designed to provide the user with a short time of extended current draw through the circuit before the breaker opens. The switch, which is activated internally by the trigger or externally by the user, simply opens or closes a set of contacts which complete the circuit. The switch can be set to open or closed from the outside of the breaker's case, but can only be set to the tripped position internally, as a results of the trigger mechanism. Once the breaker has been tripped internally, it must be reset externally by switching it off, and then back on. The features enable the breaker to do several jobs at once, eliminating the need for multiple elements in the circuit. For example, it provides the user with an easily assessable on/off switch, fault protection against current spike, and fault protection against heavy current draw. The design of the trigger mechanism allows one internal part to the job of two, as does the switch, which by design can be shut off either internally or externally. Some problems that come to light with these features include a limited service life and expensive manufacturing. Limited service life is a function of build quality. Many internal parts move without precise surface preparation or lubrication, indicating that repetitive motion could wear out the assemblies. Several internal springs may also wear out over time. And, because there are may small parts that fit integrally with each other, manufacturing costs may be inflated. Discussion It has been discussed that the circuit breaker has many good design points, such as double fault protection, a manually switchable mode, and built in safety features to prevent spark ignition and meltdown. And it seems that there aren't many undesirable features of the unit, possibly with the exception of cost. Because of the complexity of the inner workings, manufacturability is more difficult, thus raising costs. A small inspection was done to determine if any parts could be eliminated or combined to reduce the build cost, but no immediate solutions were identified. It appears that all attempts to improve or simplify the device have been implemented and maximized, leaving the only avenue for complexity reduction to be a change in application for the part. Conclusion A common household thirty amp circuit breaker was dissected in lab this week. It consisted of hard plastic, moving metal parts, and two springs (Figure 1). The circuit is placed in series between an electrical power source such as Georgia Power and the fuse box or beginning of a home's electrical system. The circuit breaker operates via two mechanisms. The circuit is

Understanging the Parallel Structure of English

Understanging the Parallel Structure of English One of the most common writing mistakes in more advanced English learners writing is parallel structure. Parallel structure refers to structures which are repeated because they are connected by words such as: and, but, and or. These connecting words are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Here are a few examples of correct parallel structure. Tom enjoys taking hikes, riding his bicycle and paragliding in his free time.I went home, took a shower, changed my clothes and ate some lunch. Here are the same two sentences using incorrect parallel structure: Tom enjoys taking hikes, to ride his bicycle and paraglide in his free time.I went home, take a shower, change my clothes and eat some lunch. In both cases, there is a mistake in parallel structure. Notice how the verb forms in the correct version of the two sentences use the same verb form. In the incorrect version of the sentences, the verb forms are varied. Parallel structure refers to the same structure repeating throughout a sentence. In other words, if the gerund form (ing form) of a verb is used after one verb, all the listed verbs also take the gerund form. Remember:  If you are listing verbs after the main verb, keep the verbs in the same form. (verb infinitive, verb gerund) He hopes to play, eat and get some rest.She enjoys listening to music, reading novels and playing tennis.He would like to have some lunch, study and then play the piano. If you are conjugating a number of verbs to relate a story for the same subject, use the same tense. We went to church, bought some lunch, came home, ate and took a nap. There are also other types of parallel structure mistakes. Which two types of mistakes in the parallel structure do you think are made in these sentences? Bob drove carelessly, quickly and in a reckless manner.Peter mentioned that he wanted to go home, that he needed a shower, and go to sleep. ... and the correct versions of the sentences: Bob drove carelessly, quickly and recklessly.Peter mentioned that he wanted to  go home, that he needed a shower, and wanted to go to sleep. In the first sentence, adverbs are being used in a list and should continue, rather than injecting an adjective. carelessly, quickly, recklessly, ruthlessly, etc. RATHER THAN carelessly, quickly, and in a reckless (adjective) manner. In the second sentence, the dependent clauses are used that he wanted to go home... that he needed a shower, etc. and should continue in the same manner. Notice also that the verb used in the third clause of this string of clauses is in the present tense, rather than the past as the other clauses. Here is another example of a similar adjective mistake in parallel structure. Which adjective is incorrect? Why? Jennifer appears to be tired, distracted and upsetting. If you answered upsetting, you are correct. The first two adjectives tired and distracted refer to the state that affects Jennifer. In other words, she feels tired and distracted. Upsetting refers to the effect that she has on someone else. Jennifer is upsetting to Jim. In this case, the intent is that Jennifer appears tired, distracted AND upset. All three adjectives refer to how she feels, rather than the effect she has on someone else. Double-Check for Mistakes in Parallel Structure A good way to check for mistakes in the parallel structure is to look for anything you list using commas  and make sure the list of equal elements are all in the same form. Parallel Structure Exercise Identify and correct the mistakes in a parallel structure in the following sentences.   Alex decided to get up early, go jogging, eat a healthy breakfast and got ready for school.I wish he would listen to his father, take his advice, and applied for a job.James stopped smoking, drinking and to eat too much.Jason invited Tim, her, they and Peter to the wedding.He is an articulate, thoughtful, and meaningfully speaker.Alexander did her homework, cleaned her room, but doesnt play the piano.The politicians hope to clean up, and modernizing this city.Eating healthy food, drinking lots of water and get exercise improves your quality of life.The teachers had graded the tests, completed the reports and meeting with parents before they went on summer vacation.Sheila misses seeing Tom, going on long walks with her friends, and played football. Answers: Alex decided to get up early, go jogging, eat a healthy breakfast and  get  ready for school.I wish he would listen to his father, take his advice, and  apply  for a job.James stopped smoking, drinking and to  eating  too much.Jason invited Tim, her,  them  and Peter to the wedding.He is an articulate, thoughtful, and  meaningful  speaker.Alexander did her homework, cleaned her room, but  didnt  play the piano.The politicians hope to clean  up and  modernize  this city.Eating healthy food, drinking lots of water and  getting  exercise improves your quality of life.The teachers had graded the tests, completed the reports and  met  with parents before they went on summer vacation.Sheila misses seeing Tom, going on long walks with her friends, and  playing  football.